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Absidia is a Zygomycete, sharing close macro/microscopic homology with Mucor sp. and Rhizopus sp. It can be found in decaying plant material, soils, food, and often causes food spoilage, making it a saprobe.
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Acremonium species are found growing in plant-decaying matter, plant debris, soils, and decaying organic matter. Some species are found indoors.
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Agrocybe is a type of basidiospore. Basidiomycetes are in the Subphylum Basidiomycotina which contains the mushrooms, shelf fungi, and a variety of other macrofungi. They are saprophytes, ectomycorrhizal fungi or agents of wood rot, which may destroy the structure wood of buildings. Agrocybe is in the Family Bolbitiaceae. It is extremely difficult to identify a specific genera of basidiomycetes by using standard culture plate techniques. Some basidiospores can be identified by spore morphology; however, some care should be exercised with regard to specific identification. The release of basidiospores is dependant upon moisture, and they are dispersed by wind. They have well defined diurnal and seasonal patterns.
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Agrocybe and Coprinus are types of basidiospores. Basidiomycete is one of the major classes of fungal organisms. This class contains the mushrooms, shelf fungi, and a variety of other macrofungi. They are saprophytes, ectomycorrhizal fungi or agents of wood rot, which may destroy the structure wood of buildings. It is extremely difficult to identify a specific genera of mushrooms by using standard culture plate techniques. Some basidiomycete spores can be identified by spore morphology; however, some care should be exercised with regard to specific identification. The release of basidiospores is dependant upon moisture, and they are dispersed by wind.
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This fungus is known to grow on Arthropods. Some species of this group have been identified as Saprophytes growing on dead plant material.
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This genus compromises a large number of saprobes and plant pathogens. It is one of the predominate airborne fungal spores indoor and outdoor. Outdoors it may be isolated from samples of soil, seeds, and plants. It is one of the more common fungi found in nature, extremely widespread and ubiquitous. Conidia are easily carried by the wind, with peak concentrations in the summer and early fall. It is commonly found in outdoor samples. It is often found in indoor environments, on drywall, ceiling tiles, in house dust, carpets, textiles, and on horizontal surfaces in building interiors. Often found on window frames.
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This genus belongs to the class of Myxomycetes. The Arcyria genus "encompasses...some of the most common and best-known Myxomycetes in the world." (The Genera of Myxomycetes, 1983)
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From the Ascomycete group.
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Widespread saprophyte on dead plant material, soil, and particularly swampy grasses. Isolated from air near grassy areas in the fall.
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Arthrobotryum is saprophytic on wood. (Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi, 1998)
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A cosmopolitan filamentous fungus isolated from wood, soil and compost.
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This is a specialized cell that functions as a spore and breaks off from the vegetative hyphal fragment. Examples of fungal spores included in this category are Geotrichum, Arthrographis, and Trichosporon. [Referenced from "Dictionary of The Fungi, 9th Edition"]
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From the fungal Subphylum Ascomycotina. Ascospores are ubiquitous in nature and are commonly found in the outdoor environment. This class contains the "sac fungi" and yeasts. Some ascospores can be identified by spore morphology, however; some care should be excercised with regard to specific identification. They are identified on tape lifts and non-viable analysis by the fact that they have no attachment scars and are sometimes enclosed in sheaths with or without sacs. Ascomycetes may develop both sexual and asexual stages. Rain and high humidity may help asci to release, and dispurse ascospores, which is why during these weather conditions there is a great increase in counts.
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From the fungal Subphylum Ascomycotina. Ascospores are ubiquitous in nature and are commonly found in the outdoor environment. This class contains the "sac fungi" and yeasts. Some ascospores can be identified by spore morphology, however; some care should be excercised with regard to specific identification. They are identified on tape lifts and non-viable analysis by the fact that they have no attachment scars and are sometimes enclosed in sheaths with or without sacs. Ascomycetes may develop both sexual and asexual stages. Rain and high humidity may help asci to release, and dispurse ascospores, which is why during these weather conditions there is a great increase in counts.
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A genus of fungi containing over 180 recognized species. Members of this genus have been recovered from a variety of habitats, but are especially common as saprophytes on decaying vegetation, soils, stored food, and feed products in tropical and subtropical regions. Some species are xerophilic. Some species are parasitic on insects, plants and animals, including man. Some species are reported mycotoxin producers. Both Penicillium and Aspergillus spores share similar morphology on non-viable analysis and therefore are lumped together into the same group. Only through the visualization of reproductive structures can the genera be distinguished.
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This species of Aspergillus has a worldwide distribution with soil as the primary habitat. It has also been isolated from indoor materials such as gypsum, wallpaper, carpets, and mattress dust. Rarely seen as an opportunistic human pathogen.
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These spores are easily aerosolized. Only through the visualization of reproductive structures can the genera be distinguished. Also included in this group are the spores of the genera Acremonium, Phialophora, Verticillium, Paecilomyces, etc. Small, round spores of this group lack the necessary distinguishing characteristics when seen on non-viable examination.
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Aureobasidium sp. is a yeast-like organism that grows in areas with high moisture content and is common in a variety of soils outdoors. This fungus is a saprobe and can also be pathogenic to plants. Widespread in the indoor environment and is common in places where moisture accumulates such as: bathrooms, kitchens, tile grout, and windowsills.
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Basidiomycete is the Subphylum Basidiomycotina which contains the mushrooms, shelf fungi, and a variety of other macrofungi. They are saprophytes, parasites on plants, ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with various types of plants, or agents of wood rot, which may destroy the structure wood of buildings. It is extremely difficult to identify a specific genera of mushrooms by using standard culture plate techniques. Some basidiospores can be identified by spore morphology; however, some care should be exercised with regard to specific identification. The release of basidiospores is dependant upon moisture, and they are dispersed by wind.
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From the Subphylum Basidiomycotina which contains the mushrooms, shelf fungi, and a variety of other macrofungi. They are saprophytes, ectomycorrhizal fungi or agents of wood rot, which may destroy the structure wood of buildings. It is extremely difficult to identify a specific genera of mushrooms by using standard culture plate techniques. Some basidiomycete spores can be identified by spore morphology; however, some care should be exercised with regard to specific identification. The release of basidiospores is dependant upon moisture, and they are dispersed by wind.
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Beauveria is a recognized parasite of plants and insects. It has been isolated from the soil, plant debris, dung and foods, and is a saprobe.
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Species within this genus are typically saprophytes on fallen leaves and other litter. (The Deuteromycetes, 1999 edition; Microfungi on Land Plants, 1997 edition)
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Found on grasses, grains, various plants, and decaying food. May grow in semi-dry environments. Some species are found in indoor environments. Because of the microscopic similarities between the two genera, they are grouped together on a non-viable analysis.
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Bispora is a ubiquitous anamorphic fungus and may be isolated from decaying wood.
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Very common. It is parasitic on over 200 plants, vegetables, and soft fruits causing gray mold, but may also be found in soil. Is commonly found in tropical and temperate climates growing on vegetative matter or as a plant parasite.
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It is considered part of the ascomycete group because its spores are released from a sac called an ascus. It is found on a variety of substrates containing cellulose including paper and plant compost. It can be readily found on the damp or water damaged paper in sheetrock. Several species have been reported to play a major role in decomposition of cellulose made materials. These fungi are able to dissolve the cellulose fibers in cotton and paper, and thus cause these materials to disintegrate. The process is especially rapid under moist conditions.
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It is an ascomycete. It is found on a variety of substrates containing cellulose including paper and plant compost. It can be found on the damp or water damaged paper in sheetrock after a long term water damage. Several species have been reported to play a major role in decomposition of cellulose made materials. These fungi are able to dissolve the cellulose fibers in cotton and paper, and thus cause these materials to disintegrate. The process is especially rapid under moist conditions.
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Environmental mold commonly found in soil. Not known as a pathogen to humans.
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Non-pathogenic fungus to humans, occasionally isolated in the laboratory. Plant pathogen.
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Chrysosporium is a saprobe and is common in the outdoor environment in soil, dung, plant debris, and seeds. This genus is sometimes misidentified as a dermatophyte due to its morphological similarities and its potential to infect the skin.
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Widespread distribution. Together with C. herbarum compose the most common species on dead organic matter and in the air. It is found on dead plants, woody plants, food, straw, soil, paint and textiles.
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The most commonly identified outdoor fungus. The outdoor numbers are reduced in the winter and are often high in the summer. Often found indoors in numbers less than outdoor numbers. It is commonly found on the surface of fiberglass duct liner in the interior of supply ducts. A wide variety of plants are food sources for this fungus. It is found on dead plants, woody plants, food, straw, soil, paint and textiles. Often found in dirty refrigerators and especially in reservoirs where condensation is collected, on moist window frames it can easily be seen covering the whole painted area with a velvety olive green layer.
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Coprinus is a type of basidiospore. Basidiomycete is one of the major classes of fungal organisms. This class contains the mushrooms, shelf fungi, and a variety of other macrofungi. They are saprophytes, ectomycorrhizal fungi or agents of wood rot, which may destroy the structure wood of buildings. It is extremely difficult to identify a specific genera of mushrooms by using standard culture plate techniques. Some basidiomycete spores can be identified by spore morphology; however, some care should be exercised with regard to specific identification. The release of basidiospores is dependant upon moisture, and they are dispersed by wind. Coprinus is also known as the Shaggy Mane or Shaggy Ink Cap. Some species are "common on new lawns and disturbed ground in late autumn." (Referenced from the 3rd edition of The Fifth Kingdom by Bryce Kendrick)
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Commonly found as saprophyte in soil. It is a zygomycete with sporangiospores being of the Mucor type. Asexually it produces extensive white mycelium, nonseptate, sporangiophores simple or branched, with enlarged tips bearing heads of conidia.
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Curvularia is found on plant material and is considered a saprobe. It has also been isolated from dust samples and from wallpaper.
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Species within this genus can be "found on reeds where these grow along hard trodden ground along the sides of paths; neighboring plants growing on softer ground do not seem to be attacked." Sporulation may take place from April through October. Infected plants may show signs of stunted growth and a dark grey coloration of the leaves. (Microfungi on Land Plants, 1997 edition)
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This fungus is a type of Ascospore.
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This fungus tends to grow on litter and cellulosic products. (Genera of Hyphomycetes, 1980)
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Didymella species belong to the group Ascomycota and are saprophytes that commonly attack wheat, barley, and chrysanthemums. Although they are not known to be pathogenic, they are thought to be responsible for aggravating asthma and may also trigger allergic responses.,,, The distribution of Didymella species in the United States is centered mainly in California, Florida, Mississippi, North Carolina, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and South Dakota.
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Species in this genus can grow on plants and rotting wood. (The Deuteromycetes, 2000 edition; Microfungi on Land Plants, 1985 edition)
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It is found in plants, soil, grains, textiles, and paper products. Frequently isolated from air and occasionally occurs in house dust. Is a saprophyte and considered a weakly parasitic secondary invader of plants, moldy paper and textiles.
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It is found in plants, soil, grains, textiles, and paper products. Frequently isolated from air and occasionally occurs in house dust. Is a saprophyte and considered a weakly parasitic secondary invader of plants, moldy paper and textiles. Epicoccum is usually isolated with either Cladosporium species or Aureobasidium species.
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A common soil fungus. Fusarium is frequently isolated from plants and grains. It is often found in humidifiers and requires wet conditions to grow.
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A common soil fungus. Fusarium is frequently isolated from plants and grains. It is often found in humidifiers and requires wet conditions to grow.
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A common soil fungus and plant pathogen.
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Basidiospores of Ganoderma are common in the air outdoors. Some basidiospores can be identified by spore morphology; however, some care should be exercised with regard to specific identification. The release of basidiospores is dependant upon moisture, and they are dispersed by wind.
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Geotrichum is commonly found in dairy products and the soil.
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This fungus is commonly considered a parasite to other fungi and plants. It can also be isolated from house dust.
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This fungus is commonly considered a parasite to other fungi and plants. It can also be isolated from house dust.
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This fungus occurs in soil or decaying plant matter as parasites of other fungi.
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It has been isolated from plant debris, wood, soil, cardboard, and the air.
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Plant pathogen (Dematiacious Hyphomycetes, 1990)
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Graphium is parasitic and commonly found as a plant pathogen causing vascular diseases (wilts).
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This fungus tends to grow on wood, particularly conifers, and is known to be associated with insects. (Genera of Hyphomycetes, 1980)
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This genus belongs in the Ascomycete group, which is one of the major classes of fungal organisms. Ascospores are ubiquitous in nature and are commonly found in the outdoor environment. This class contains the "sac fungi" and yeasts. Some ascomycete spores can be identified by spore morphology, however; some care should be excercised with regard to specific identification. They are identified on tape lifts and non-viable analysis by the fact that they have no attachment scars and are sometimes enclosed in sheaths with or without sacs. Some fungi that belong to the ascomycete family are the sexual forms of Penicillium/Aspergillus, Chaetomium sp. and Pleospora sp. Rain and high humidity may rupture the ascus, dispursing the spores, which is why during these weather conditions there is a great increase in counts.
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This genus belongs in the Ascomycete group, which is one of the major classes of fungal organisms. Ascospores are ubiquitous in nature and are commonly found in the outdoor environment. This class contains the "sac fungi" and yeasts. Some ascomycete spores can be identified by spore morphology, however; some care should be excercised with regard to specific identification. They are identified on tape lifts and non-viable analysis by the fact that they have no attachment scars and are sometimes enclosed in sheaths with or without sacs. Some fungi that belong to the ascomycete family are the sexual forms of Penicillium/Aspergillus, Chaetomium sp. and Pleospora sp. Rain and high humidity may rupture the ascus, dispursing the spores, which is why during these weather conditions there is a great increase in counts.
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Cellulolytic fungus very closely related to Stachybotrys. Both fungi have a worldwide distribution and often found together, and commonly found in soil. The major difference between the two fungi is that the conidia for Memnoniella are in long persistent chains (aggregated in slimy heads in Stachybotrys). Also the aerodynamic diameter of Memnoniella is smaller and it would be expected to have an even greater potential to penetrate deep into lungs than the conidia of Stachybotrys.
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Some species of Monodictys are associated with rotten wood and decaying plant matter.
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Often found in soil, dead plant material, horse dung, fruits, and fruit juice. It is also found in leather, meat, dairy products, animal hair, and jute. Almost always in house dust, frequently in air samples and old dirty carpets. This organism, and other Zygomycetes, will grow rapidly on most fungal media.
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Mycosphaerella species are commonly seen as saprophytes and plant pathogens.
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Mycosphaerella species are commonly seen as saprophytes and plant pathogens.
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Ubiquitous in nature. Myxomycetes are parasitic plant pathogens, often found on decaying plant material, however occasionally found indoors. Dispersed by wind in the dry phase, while the wet amoebic phase is motile. Myxomycetes exhibit characteristics of protozoans and fungi.
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An Ascomycete isolated from its common habitat of soil. In an IAQ investigation it may be isolated from damp cellulose containing materials and carpeting. There are few known cases of illness associated with this fungus.
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Has been isolated from air and soil samples. Usually found in plant material as a saprobe.
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Members of this genus are commonly isolated from wood, dung, and decaying plants. It is considered the asexual state of certain cup fungi, and will only grow in areas of relatively high moisture.
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This is an obligate plant pathogen causing a disease known as "powdery mildew." It is an anamorph of Erysiphe.
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Paecilomyces is commonly found in soil and dust, less frequently in air.
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This genus belongs in the Ascomycete group, which is one of the major classes of fungal organisms. Ascospores are ubiquitous in nature and are commonly found in the outdoor environment. This class contains the "sac fungi" and yeasts. Some ascomycete spores can be identified by spore morphology, however; some care should be excercised with regard to specific identification. They are identified on tape lifts and non-viable analysis by the fact that they have no attachment scars and are sometimes enclosed in sheaths with or without sacs. Some fungi that belong to the ascomycete family are the sexual forms of Penicillium/Aspergillus, Chaetomium sp. and Pleospora sp. Rain and high humidity may rupture the ascus, dispursing the spores, which is why during these weather conditions there is a great increase in counts.
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Penicillium camembertii is a filamentous fungus used for the production of mold-fermented white cheese (camembert). It is a domesticated form of Penicillium commune, especially adapted to the food environment.
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Penicillium spores are ubiquitous in the environment. A wide number of organisms have been placed in this genus. Identification to species is difficult. Often found in aerosol samples. Commonly found in soil, food, cellulose, and grains. It is also found in paint and compost piles. Commonly found in carpet, wallpaper, and in interior fiberglass duct insulation. Both Penicillium and Aspergillus spores share similar morphology on non-viable analysis and therefore are lumped together into the same group. Only through the visualization of reproductive structures can the genera be distinguished.
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Penicillium spores are ubiquitous in the environment. A wide number of organisms have been placed in this genus. Identification to species is difficult. Often found in aerosol samples. Commonly found in soil, food, cellulose, and grains. It is also found in paint and compost piles. Commonly found in carpet, wallpaper, and in interior fiberglass duct insulation. Both Penicillium and Aspergillus spores share similar morphology on non-viable analysis and therefore are lumped together into the same group. Only through the visualization of reproductive structures can the genera be distinguished.
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Penicillium spores are ubiquitous in the environment. A wide number of organisms have been placed in this genus. Identification to species is difficult. Often found in aerosol samples. Commonly found in soil, food, cellulose, and grains. It is also found in paint and compost piles. Commonly found in carpet, wallpaper, and in interior fiberglass duct insulation. Both Penicillium and Aspergillus spores share similar morphology on non-viable analysis and therefore are lumped together into the same group. Only through the visualization of reproductive structures can the genera be distinguished.
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Members of this genus are typically parasitic plant pathogens. They are typically associated with plants and the outdoors.
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This is an obligate plant pathogen known as downy mildew.
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This fungus has a wide distribution with species that are considered plant pathogens. Species are commonly associated with decomposing wood, soil, and water. There is very little information regarding toxicity and allergenicity.
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This fungus is reported to be a common indoor air allergen and it is also commonly found on various plant parts and soil. Phoma species are reported to grow extensively on painted walls, particularly in humid places such as showers. It has been reported to produce pink or purple spots on painted walls and grow on paint, cement, and rubber.
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Grows on dead grass in pastures and decaying plant material.
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This fungus is often associated with leaves and other plant material. There are no reports of any clinical significance or allergenic properties.
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Members of the Rhinocladiella genus are usually isolated from decaying wood and soils. This genus is a saprobe of plants.
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Belongs to the Zygomycetes (mucorales). It occupies a similar biological niche to Mucor sp. Morphological characteristics of this fungus are the production of sporangiospores, which are diminute, rounded thick walled bodies resistant to heat and drought.
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Belongs to the Zygomycetes (mucorales). It occupies a similar biological niche to Mucor sp. Morphological characteristics of this fungus are the production of sporangiospores, which are diminute, rounded thick walled bodies resistant to heat and drought.
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Rhodotorula is a genus of reddish yeasts typically found in moist environments such as carpeting, cooling coils and drain pans. It is also commonly found in air, soil, lakes, ocean water, and dairy products. Rhodotorula mucilaginosa was formerly known as Rhodotorula rubra.
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From the group Uredinales, called Rusts due to the color of the spores, which are known for causing disease in plants.
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Saccharomyces is a genus of yeast commonly used in baking and brewing.
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Isolated from soil, polluted waters, and compost material.
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Ubiquitous soil organism that can be found on a wide variety of materials including old carpets and water damaged materials such as drywall and wallpaper. It has also been isolated from dust.
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Smuts and Myxomycetes are parasitic plant pathogens. They are typically grouped together due to their association with plants, the outdoors and because they share similar microscopic morphology.
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The natural habitat for Spegazzinia is the soil, but it may also be found on plants.There is little information pertaining to health related risks and no studies on its allergenic properties.
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Sporidesmium species can be found on dead and living plant material including the woody parts of a variety of trees around the world. May be isolated from bulk samples of wood building materials.
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This fungus is often associated with other plant parasites and can be found in plant lesions as well as in trees and other wood substrates.
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Sporoschisma species are common on rotten or dead wood and bark and occasionally on dead herbaceous stems. (Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes, 1971)
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This genus is usually isolated from decaying plants and plant materials. Microscopically, this fungus can resemble Sporothrix, however, it can be identified as a colorless spore.
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This organism is rarely found in outdoor samples. It is usually difficult to find in indoor air samples unless it is physically disturbed because the spores are in a gelatinous mass. Grows well on wet media, preferably containing cellulose. It proliferates in the indoor environment with long term water damage, growing on wallpaper, gypsum board, and textiles. As a general rule, air cultures for Stachybotrys yields unpredictable results, mainly due to the fact that this fungus is usually accompanied by other fungi such as Aspergillus and Penicillium that normally are better aerosolized than Stachybotrys. This is a slow growing fungus on media. It does not compete well with other rapidly growing fungi. The black fungi grow on building material with high cellulose content and low nitrogen content. Appropriate media for the growth of this organism will have high cellulose content and low nitrogen content.
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It is usually isolated from dead materials and is either parasitic or saprophytic.
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This genus is usually found in tropical and subtropical areas. It is found in soil, considered a saprobe and is considered non-pathogenic.
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This genus of fungi can be found outdoors on leaves and wood. In an indoor environment it is associated with wood materials and house plants
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Talaromyces is an anamorph of both Penicillium and Paecilomyces. (the anamorph is the non-sexually reproducing stage of fungal development).
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Torula is a saprophyte and therefore often found on plant material. It may be found on wood-containing products/materials.
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Trichoderma is commonly isolated in soils, air and in plant materials. Often found in litter materials (polluted streams, sewage plants, and driftwoods). It is found on paper and in kitchens on many common tableware materials. In the laboratory, Trichoderma can be a contaminant due to the fact that it can produce confluent growth and take over an entire culture. Materials such as wood construction and mineral fiber panels can be very affected by this fungus. The species T. viridae is often isolated from indoor air samples and house dust.
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Trichoderma is commonly isolated in soils, air and in plant materials. Often found in litter materials (polluted streams, sewage plants, and driftwoods). It is found on paper and in kitchens on many common tableware materials. In the laboratory, Trichoderma can be a contaminant due to the fact that it can produce confluent growth and take over an entire culture. Materials such as wood construction and mineral fiber panels can be very affected by this fungus. The species T. viridae is often isolated from indoor air samples and house dust.
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This fungus tends to grow on tree branches, litter and soil. (Genera of Hyphomycetes, 1980)
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Isolated from soil, dead plants and cellulose materials. Found on textiles. It can be found on many types of materials, but mostly found on decaying materials. Has a greater water activity need for growth and is therefore considered a water indicator organism.
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This genus belongs in the Ascomycete group, which is one of the major classes of fungal organisms. Ascospores are ubiquitous in nature and are commonly found in the outdoor environment. This class contains the "sac fungi" and yeasts. Some ascomycete spores can be identified by spore morphology, however; some care should be excercised with regard to specific identification. They are identified on tape lifts and non-viable analysis by the fact that they have no attachment scars and are sometimes enclosed in sheaths with or without sacs. Some fungi that belong to the ascomycete family are the sexual forms of Penicillium/Aspergillus, Chaetomium sp. and Pleospora sp. Rain and high humidity may rupture the ascus, dispursing the spores, which is why during these weather conditions there is a great increase in counts.
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This fungus has been isolated from dead leaves and stems. It is considered to be a plant pathogen.
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Found in decaying vegetation, on straw, soil, and arthropods. It is known to cause decay of plant material and certain species are parasites on plants and other fungi.
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Yeasts are found in a variety of natural habitats such as plant leaves, flowers, soil, and water.They can also be found on the skin and mucous membranes and in the intestinal tracts of warm-blooded animals.
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A class of fungi in the Phylum Zygomycota. Rhizopus and Mucor are the two most common genera in this group. Most spores are similar in appearance; therefore, structures are necessary for identification on direct identification samples.
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This fungi is known as a plant pathogen (Microfungi on Land Plants, 1997 edition).